Introduction: The massive hepatic necrosis of acute liver failure (ALF) results in a sudden loss of
hepatic cells. Although most hepatocyte cells of ALF are completely lost, stem cell-derived circulating cells and endogenous progenitor cells rapidly regenerate them. Mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) have a critical role in the regeneration of liver injury through regulating platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. However, their fluctuating levels in the healing process and correlation to the decrease of liver function markers remain
unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of MSCs in accelerating liver regeneration
of ALF by measuring VEGF and PDGF levels on day 2 and 7, as well as SGPT and SGOT levels, and assessing histopathology appearance. Methods: Using an ALF rat model, 12 animals were randomly
assigned into two groups: umbilical cord (UC)-MSC injection (T1) and vehicle control (Veh). ELISA
assay was employed to measure PDGF and VEGF levels, an automatic analyzer was used to assess
serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT),
and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate morphological appearance.

Results: The study showed an significant (P<0.001) increase of PDGF and VEGF levels on the 2nd day,
followed by a decrease on the 7th day, along with a decrease of SGPT and SGOT levels as well as
the normality of histology appearance. Conclusion: In conclusion, administration of MSCs may
accelerate liver regeneration of ALF through PDGF and VEGF regulation.